1. Introduction to Python Basics

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its readability and simplicity. It is widely used in various domains such as web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, scientific computing, and more. In this guide, you'll learn the core building blocks of Python, which include variables and data types, basic operations, string handling, input/output functions, and the importance of writing clean, readable code.

2. Variables and Data Types

2.1 Variables

Concept Overview:

Variables in Python are used to store information that can be referenced and manipulated throughout your program. Unlike some programming languages, Python is dynamically typed, meaning you do not need to explicitly declare the type of a variable—the interpreter infers it based on the assigned value.

Key Points:

• Assignment: Variables are assigned using the = operator.
• Naming Conventions: Variable names should start with a letter (a–z, A–Z) or an underscore (_), and can be followed by letters, numbers (0–9), or underscores.
• Dynamic Typing: The same variable can hold different types of data over its lifetime.

Example Code:

# Assigning values to variables
age = 25                 # Integer
pi = 3.14159             # Float (decimal number)
name = "Alice"           # String (text)
is_student = True        # Boolean (True/False)

# Displaying the values
print("Name:", name)
print("Age:", age)
print("Value of pi:", pi)
print("Is a student:", is_student)

2.2 Data Types

Data types are classifications that specify the type of value a variable holds. Python’s core data types include:

• Integers (int):

  Whole numbers, such as -5, 0, 10. They are used for counting, indexing, and more.

• Floating Point Numbers (float):

  Numbers with a decimal point, such as 3.14 or -0.001. These are used when precision is required for fractional numbers.

• Strings (str):

  A sequence of characters enclosed within quotes. They can be defined using single quotes ('Hello'), double quotes ("Hello"), or triple quotes ('''Hello''' or """Hello""") for multi-line strings.

• Booleans (bool):

  Represents one of two values: True or False. Booleans are often used in conditional statements to control the flow of the program.

Example Code Demonstrating Data Types: